Prosthetic Aortic Valves: Normal Doppler Data

"Appendix A."

Valve Type Size (mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) EOA (cm2)
ATS Bileaflet 19 47.0 ± 12.6 25.3 ± 8 1.1 ± 0.3
ATS Bileaflet 21 23.7 ± 6.8 15.9 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.5
ATS Bileaflet 23 14.4 ± 4.9 1.7 ± 0.5
ATS Bileaflet 25 11.3 ± 3.7 2.1 ± 0.7
ATS Bileaflet 27 8.4 ± 3.7 2.5 ± 0.1
ATS Bileaflet 29 8.0 ± 3.0 3.1 ± 0.8
ATS AP Bileaflet 18 21.0 ± 1.8 1.2 ± 0.3
ATS AP Bileaflet 20 21.4 ± 4.2 11.1 ± 3.5 1.3 ± 0.3
ATS AP Bileaflet 22 18.7 ± 8.3 10.5 ± 4.5 1.7 ± 0.4
ATS AP Bileaflet 24 15.1 ± 5.6 7.5 ± 3.1 2.0 ± 0.6
ATS AP Bileaflet 26 6.0 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.4
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.5 ± 8.5 19.5 ± 5.5 1.3 ± 0.2
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 21 24.9 ± 7.7 13.8 ± 4.0 1.3 ± 0.3
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 23 19.9 ± 7.4 11.5 ± 3.9 1.6 ± 0.3
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8 1.6 ± 0.4
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine 23 30.0 ± 10.7 20 ± 6.6 1.3 ± 0.3
Biocor Stented porcine 25 23.0 ± 7.9 16 ± 5.1 1.7 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine 27 22.0 ± 6.5 15.0 ± 3.7 2.2 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless 19 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless 21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless 23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless 25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4
Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial 19 37.2 ± 8.8 26.4 ± 5.5 0.7 ± 0.1
Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial 21 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5 1.1 ± 0.1
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 21 38.9 ± 11.9 21.8 ± 3.4 1.1 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 23 28.8 ± 11.2 15.7 ± 5.3 1.3 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 25 23.7 ± 8.2 13.0 ± 5.0 1.5 ± 0.4
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 27 10.0 ± 2.0 1.6 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Reduced Bileaflet 19 43.4 ± 1.2 24.4 ± 1.2 1.2 ± 0.1
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 19 38.0 ± 12.8 18.9 ± 8.3 1.0 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 21 26.8 ± 10.1 12.9 ± 5.4 1.5 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 23 22.5 ± 7.4 11.0 ± 4.6 1.4 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 25 19.6 ± 7.8 9.1 ± 3.5 1.8 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 27 17.5 ± 7.1 7.9 ± 3.2 2.2 ± 0.2
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 29 9.1 ± 4.7 5.6 ± 3.0 3.2 ± 1.6
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet 21 30.2 ± 10.9 14.9 ± 5.4 1.2 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet 23 24.2 ± 7.6 12.5 ± 4.4 1.4 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet 25 9.5 ± 2.9 1.6 ± 0.32
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 29 9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7 1.1 ± 0.1
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7
Cryolife Stentless 19 9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3
Cryolife Stentless 21 6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4
Cryolife Stentless 23 6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2
Cryolife Stentless 25 6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2
Cryolife Stentless 27 4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet 21 39.0 ± 13
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet 23 32.0 ± 8.0
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet 25 26.0 ± 10.0
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet 27 24.0 ± 10.0
Edwards Mira Bileaflet 19 18.2 ± 5.3 1.2 ± 0.4
Edwards Mira Bileaflet 21 13.3 ± 4.3 1.6 ± 0.4
Edwards Mira Bileaflet 23 14.7 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.6
Edwards Mira Bileaflet 25 13.1 ± 3.8 1.9
Hancock Stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0
Hancock Stented porcine 23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0
Hancock Stented porcine 25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0
Hancock II Stented porcine 21 14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine 23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine 25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine 29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2
Homograft Homograft valves ?? ?? ?? ??
Intact Stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3
Intact Stented porcine 21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4
Intact Stented porcine 23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4
Intact Stented porcine 25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3
Intact Stented porcine 27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 17 23.8 ± 3.4 0.9 ± 0.1
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 21 26.6 ± 9.0
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 23 15.6 ± 4.4
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5
MCRI On-X Bileaflet 19 21.3 ± 10.8 11.8 ± 3.4 1.5 ± 0.2
MCRI On-X Bileaflet 21 16.4 ± 5.9 9.9 ± 3.6 1.7 ± 0.4
MCRI On-X Bileaflet 23 15.9 ± 6.4 8.6 ± 3.4 1.9 ± 0.6
MCRI On-X Bileaflet 25 16.5 ± 10.2 6.9 ± 4.3 2.4 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet 23 10.4 ± 3.1 2.2 ± 0.3
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet 25 9.0 ± 3.7 2.8 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet 27 7.6 ± 3.6 3.3 ± 0.7
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet 29 6.1 ± 3.8 3.9 ±0.7
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 19 13.0 ± 3.9
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 21 9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 25 5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 27 4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 20 34.4 ± 13.1 17.1 ± 5.3 1.2 ± 0.5
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 21 26.9 ± 10.5 14.1 ± 5.9 1.1 ± 0.2
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 23 26.9 ± 8.9 13.5 ± 4.8 1.4 ± 0.4
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 25 17.1 ± 7.0 9.5 ± 4.3 1.5 ± 0.5
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 27 18.9 ± 9.7 8.7 ± 5.6 1.9 ± 0.2
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 21 14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 27 10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 29 11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2
Mitroflow Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 19 27.4 ± 8.8
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 21 27.5 ± 3.1 20.5 ± 6.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 23 20.3 ± 0.7 17.4 ± 6.4
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 25 16.1 ± 4.9
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 27 11.4 ± 3.8
Prima Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7
Prima Stentless 23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
Prima Stentless 25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disc 21 37.4 ± 12.8 20.4 ± 5.4 1.3 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disc 23 28.8 ± 9.1 17.4 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
Omnicarbon Single tilting disc 25 23.7 ± 8.1 13.2 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disc 27 20.1 ± 4.2 12.4 ± 2.9 2.1 ± 0.4
Omniscience Single tilting disc 21 50.8 ± 2.8 28.2 ± 2.2 0.9 ± 0.1
Omniscience Single tilting disc 23 39.8 ± 8.7 20.1 ± 5.1 1.0 ± 0.1
Starr Edwards Caged ball 23 32.6 ± 12.8 22.0 ± 9.0 1.1 ± 0.2
Starr Edwards Caged ball 24 34.1 ± 10.3 22.1 ± 7.5 1.1 ± 0.3
Starr Edwards Caged ball 26 31.8 ± 9.0 19.7 ± 6.1
Starr Edwards Caged ball 27 30.8 ± 6.3 18.5 ± 3.7
Starr Edwards Caged ball 29 29.0 ± 9.3 16.3 ± 5.5
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet 19 30.1 ± 4.5 16.7 ± 2.0 1.4 ± 0.1
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet 21 22.0 ± 7.1 10.0 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.4
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet 23 16.8 ± 6.1 7.7 ± 3.3 1.5 ± 0.2
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet 25 11.2 ± 3.1 5.6 ± 1.6 2.4 ± 0.3
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet 19 28.5 ± 10.7 17.0 ± 7.8 1.9 ± 0.1
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet 21 16.3 ± 17.0 10.6 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet 23 16.8 ± 7.3 12.1 ± 4.2 1.7 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 19 20.6 ± 12 11.0 ± 4.9 1.6 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 21 15.6 ± 9.4 8.0 ± 4.8 2.0 ± 0.7
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 23 12.8 ± 6.8 6.9 ± 3.5 2.3 ± 0.9
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 25 11.7 ± 6.8 5.6 ± 3.2 2.5 ± 0.8
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 27 7.9 ± 5.5 3.5 ± 1.7 3.6 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 19 42.0 ± 10.0 24.5 ± 5.8 1.5 ± 0.1
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 21 25.7 ± 9.5 15.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 23 21.8 ± 7.5 13.4 ± 5.6 1.6 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 25 18.9 ± 7.3 11.0 ± 5.3 1.9 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 27 13.7 ± 4.2 8.4 ± 3.4 2.5 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 29 13.5 ± 5.8 7.0 ± 1.7 2.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6
St. Jude Medical Stentless 23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6
St. Jude Medical Stentless 25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Stentless 27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3
St. Jude Medical Stentless 29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6

Reference:

Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves
Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, Foster E, Gottdiener JS, Grayburn PA, Khandheria BK, Levine RA, Marx GR, Miller FA Jr, Nakatani S, Quiñones MA, Rakowski H, Rodriguez LL, Swaminathan M, Waggoner AD, Weissman NJ, Zabalgoitia M; American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee; Task Force on Prosthetic Valves; American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee; Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association; European Association of Echocardiography; European Society of Cardiology; Japanese Society of Echocardiography; Canadian Society of Echocardiography; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association; European Association of Echocardiography; European Society of Cardiology; Japanese Society of Echocardiography; Canadian Society of Echocardiography.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Sep;22(9):975-1014